Chromosome Conformation Capture on Chip (4C): Data Processing

Methods Mol Biol. 2016:1480:243-61. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6380-5_21.

Abstract

4C methods are useful to investigate dependencies between regulatory mechanisms and chromatin structures by revealing the frequency of chromatin contacts between a locus of interest and remote sequences on the chromosome. In this chapter we describe a protocol for the data analysis of microarray-based 4C experiments, presenting updated versions of the methods we used in a previous study of the large-scale chromatin interaction profile of a Polycomb response element in Drosophila. The protocol covers data preparation, normalization, microarray probe selection, and the multi-resolution detection of regions with enriched chromatin contacts. A reanalysis of two independent mouse datasets illustrates the versatility of this protocol and the importance of data processing in 4C. Methods were implemented in the R package MRA.TA (Multi-Resolution Analyses on Tiling Array data), and they can be used to analyze ChIP-on-chip data on broadly distributed chromatin components such as histone marks.

Keywords: 4C; Bioinformatics; Chromatin; Chromosome Conformation Capture; Epigenetics; Microarray; Multi-resolution statistics; Normalization; Polycomb.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Chromatin / chemistry
  • Chromatin / genetics*
  • Chromatin Immunoprecipitation / methods*
  • Chromosome Mapping / methods*
  • Chromosomes / chemistry
  • Chromosomes / genetics*
  • Drosophila / genetics
  • Histones / chemistry
  • Histones / genetics
  • Mice
  • Microarray Analysis
  • Nucleic Acid Conformation

Substances

  • Chromatin
  • Histones