Prevalence of treatment-resistant hypertension and important associated factors-results from the Swedish Primary Care Cardiovascular Database

J Am Soc Hypertens. 2016 Nov;10(11):838-846. doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2016.08.008. Epub 2016 Sep 6.

Abstract

We aimed to describe the prevalence, treatment, and associated comorbidity of treatment-resistant hypertension (TRH). This registry-based cohort study from The Swedish Primary Care Cardiovascular Database assessed 53,090 hypertensive patients attending primary care. Patients adherent to antihypertensive treatment measured by pharmacy fills and with proportion of days covered ≥80% were included. The prevalence of TRH was 17% when considering all current TRH definitions. Adherence to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists differed between TRH- and non-TRH patients (8 vs. 4%). Higher frequencies (prevalence ratio and 95% confidence intervals) of diabetes mellitus (1.59, 1.53-1.66), heart failure (1.55, 1.48-1.64), atrial fibrillation (1.33, 1.27-1.40), ischemic heart disease (1.25, 1.20-1.30), and chronic kidney disease (1.38, 1.23-1.54) were seen in patients with TRH compared to patients without TRH. These findings, in a population with valid data on medication adherence, emphasize a broad preventive approach for these high-risk patients.

Keywords: Drug treatment; mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; primary health care; treatment resistant hypertension.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Antihypertensive Agents / administration & dosage
  • Antihypertensive Agents / therapeutic use
  • Assessment of Medication Adherence*
  • Atrial Fibrillation / epidemiology*
  • Cohort Studies
  • Comorbidity
  • Coronary Vasospasm / drug therapy
  • Coronary Vasospasm / epidemiology*
  • Coronary Vasospasm / psychology
  • Diabetes Mellitus / epidemiology*
  • Female
  • Heart Failure / epidemiology*
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / drug therapy
  • Hypertension / epidemiology*
  • Hypertension / psychology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / administration & dosage
  • Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / therapeutic use*
  • Myocardial Ischemia / epidemiology*
  • Prevalence
  • Primary Health Care / statistics & numerical data
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / epidemiology*
  • Risk Factors
  • Sweden / epidemiology

Substances

  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists

Supplementary concepts

  • Hypertension Resistant to Conventional Therapy