Human subcortical brain asymmetries in 15,847 people worldwide reveal effects of age and sex

Affiliations

• ¹ Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
• ² International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
• ³ Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
• ⁵ Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
• ⁶ Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, The Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin 2, Ireland.
• ⁷ Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
• ⁸ Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
• ⁹ Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁰ NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
• ¹¹ Department of Research and Development, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
• ¹² Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ¹³ NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
• ¹⁴ Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁶ Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁷ Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria.
• ¹⁸ Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ¹⁹ Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia.
• ²⁰ Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.
• ²¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
• ²² Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes -Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
• ²³ Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
• ²⁴ CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain.
• ²⁵ Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
• ²⁶ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
• ²⁷ Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
• ²⁸ Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ²⁹ Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ³⁰ Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ³¹ Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
• ³² Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
• ³³ South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA.
• ³⁴ Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neurosciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
• ³⁵ Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ³⁶ Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ³⁷ Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU/VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ³⁸ Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
• ³⁹ University Clinic for and Adolescent Psychiatry UCCAP, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
• ⁴⁰ Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
• ⁴¹ Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), & Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
• ⁴² University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
• ⁴³ Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ⁴⁴ Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Raboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
• ⁴⁵ Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
• ⁴⁶ Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Neurosciences, Computer Science, and Psychiatry, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
• ⁴⁷ The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
• ⁴⁸ Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
• ⁴⁹ Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
• ⁵⁰ Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
• ⁵¹ Department of Psychiatry, Universite de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montréal, Canada.
• ⁵² Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
• ⁵³ Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Germany, Tübingen, Würzburg, Germany.
• ⁵⁴ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
• ⁵⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
• ⁵⁶ UMR5296 CNRS, CEA and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
• ⁵⁷ Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
• ⁵⁸ Faculty of Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane City, Australia.
• ⁵⁹ Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics Centre (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, SW4 794, Galway, Ireland.
• ⁶⁰ Department of Psychiatry & trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
• ⁶¹ Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway.
• ⁶² Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
• ⁶³ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
• ⁶⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
• ⁶⁵ Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, USA.
• ⁶⁶ NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
• ⁶⁷ Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany.
• ⁶⁸ Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ⁶⁹ Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris, France.
• ⁷⁰ Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.
• ⁷¹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
• ⁷² Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
• ⁷³ Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
• ⁷⁴ Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC), Santander, Spain.
• ⁷⁵ CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain.
• ⁷⁶ Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.
• ⁷⁷ Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ⁷⁸ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS Hospital Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany.
• ⁷⁹ Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany.
• ⁸⁰ Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ⁸¹ Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
• ⁸² Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
• ⁸³ University Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (UCCAP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
• ⁸⁴ Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK.
• ⁸⁵ UCL Max Planck Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing, University College London, London, UK.
• ⁸⁶ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.
• ⁸⁷ Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
• ⁸⁸ Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
• ⁸⁹ De Bascule, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ⁹⁰ AMC, department of child and adolescent psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ⁹¹ Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany.
• ⁹² NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine. Psychiatry section, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
• ⁹³ Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
• ⁹⁴ Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90292, USA.
• ⁹⁵ Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
• ⁹⁶ Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
• ⁹⁷ Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
• ⁹⁸ Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
• ⁹⁹ Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
• ¹⁰⁰ Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁰¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ¹⁰² Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
• ¹⁰³ QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
• ¹⁰⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
• ¹⁰⁵ Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France.
• ¹⁰⁶ Maison de Solenn, Paris, France.
• ¹⁰⁷ Department of Clinical Neuroscience,Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ¹⁰⁸ Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
• ¹⁰⁹ CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
• ¹¹⁰ Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
• ¹¹¹ UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UT Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
• ¹¹² Department of Neural Computation for Decision-Making, ATR Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Kyoto, Japan.
• ¹¹³ Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
• ¹¹⁴ Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
• ¹¹⁵ AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France.
• ¹¹⁶ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
• ¹¹⁷ Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, M6A 2E1, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• ¹¹⁸ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
• ¹¹⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ¹²⁰ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
• ¹²¹ Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
• ¹²² Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ¹²³ Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
• ¹²⁴ Laboratory of Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.
• ¹²⁵ Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
• ¹²⁶ Department of Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
• ¹²⁷ Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ¹²⁸ Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
• ¹²⁹ Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
• ¹³⁰ German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock, Greifswald, Germany.
• ¹³¹ Queensland Brain Institute and Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
• ¹³² Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
• ¹³³ Cognitive Genetics and Therapy Group, School of Psychology & Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, SW4 794, Ireland.
• ¹³⁴ School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
• ¹³⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
• ¹³⁶ Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, CT, 06114, USA.
• ¹³⁷ Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. [email protected].
• ¹³⁸ Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Raboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. [email protected].