The toxicity and efficacy of concomitant chemoradiotherapy in patients aged 70 years and older with oropharyngeal carcinoma in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy era

Cancer. 2017 Apr 15;123(8):1345-1353. doi: 10.1002/cncr.30495. Epub 2016 Dec 16.

Abstract

Background: Despite controversy surrounding its benefit, the use of concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) who are aged > 70 years is increasing. However, to the authors' knowledge, few studies to date have compared the outcomes of different systemic treatments in this population.

Methods: Records from 74 patients aged ≥ 70 years with stage III to stage IVB OPSCC who were undergoing CCRT from 2002 to 2013 at a single institution were reviewed. Patients were stratified according to the systemic therapy received, including cisplatin, carboplatin with either 5-fluorouracil or paclitaxel (CARB), or cetuximab to compare oncologic outcome and toxicity.

Results: The median follow-up was 36 months. The median age of the patients was 75.3 years (range, 70-91 years), with significantly older patients receiving cetuximab (P = .03). A total of 28, 20, and 26 patients, respectively, received CCRT with cisplatin, CARB, and cetuximab. RT interruptions of > 1 day were needed in 4% of patients receiving cisplatin, 20% of patients receiving CARB, and 15% of patients receiving cetuximab (P = .19). Unplanned hospitalizations during CCRT occurred in 25%, 55%, and 58%, respectively, of patients receiving cisplatin, CARB, and cetuximab (P = .03). There were 2 treatment-related deaths, both of which occurred among the patients who were treated with cetuximab. At 5 years, locoregional control was achieved in 100%, 88%, and 60% (P<.001), respectively, and the overall survival rate was 87%, 61%, and 47% (P = .03), respectively, among patients treated with cisplatin, CARB, and cetuximab.

Conclusions: Toxicity from CCRT remains a challenge for older adults with OPSCC. Herein, the authors found no evidence that this toxicity was mitigated by treatment with cetuximab. Nevertheless, a subset of patients aged ≥70 years appear to tolerate cisplatin-based treatment with acceptable toxicity and excellent outcomes. Further identification of this patient subgroup is crucial to optimize therapy for older patients with OPSCC. Cancer 2017;123:1345-1353. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

Keywords: cetuximab; chemoradiation; elderly; human papillomavirus (HPV); oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / adverse effects
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / mortality
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy*
  • Chemoradiotherapy / adverse effects*
  • Chemoradiotherapy / methods
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Odds Ratio
  • Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / mortality
  • Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / adverse effects
  • Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / methods
  • Retreatment
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Treatment Outcome