Short tandem repeat (STR) is widely used for DNA profiling in forensic sciences for its stable inheritance. Genomic variations in STR loci may affect the results of the genotyping. In this study, using STR profiling and genome-wide chromosomal microarray assay, we detected the incidence of uniparental disomy or copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in a case of a parental testing, which altered the genotype of three commonly used STR markers including D2S1338, D2S441 and D2S1776. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time found that LOH affect the genotyping of STR markers commonly used for paternity testing. Our findings demonstrated that the incidence of LOH in the genome may dramatically alter the results of DNA identification, and suggested that genomic structure variation need to be taking into consideration in the DNA identification using STR markers.
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