Objective: To explore existing evidence of economic burden of esophageal cancer in China over the past 20 years. Methods: Based on PubMed, CNKI and Wanfang, literatures published from 1996 to 2015 were retrieved with the key words such as " economic burden" , "cost of illness" and so on. Then the information excerpted from those literatures were analyzed after several exclusionary procedures for non-esophageal cancer related literatures. The information about subjects and data source, methodology, main results were structurally abstracted and then analyzed. Quality assessments were conducted independently by two investigators using an 11-item instrument recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) for cross-sectional studies. All the expenditure data were calculated according to year-specific personal health care consumer price index (CPI) of China, the annual growth rate was calculated according to the average speed of growth. Results: A total of 23 studies (21 individual surveys and 2 population-based surveys) were included in the analysis, in which 12 were published over the past 5 years. Among the 21 individual surveys, 17 were hospital-based and the data were obtained through medical record review, and most of which only considered the direct medical economic burden (including the average overall expenditure per patient, per time and per diem). The median expenditure per patient during 1996-2011 ranged from 7 463 to 37 647 yuan (RMB) and the average growth rate was 7.68%. The median medical expenditure per clinical visit during 1996-2013 ranged from 6 851 to 57 554 yuan (RMB) and the average growth rate was 11.89%. The median medical expenditure per diem during 1996-2010 ranged from 225 to 1 319 yuan (RMB) and the average growth rate was 12.53%. The direct medical expenditure per clinical visit varied greatly with area, which were much higher in Beijing, Shanxi and Hubei. In both individual survey and population-based survey, less data about the direct non-medical expenditure and the influence of indirect expenditure on the economic burden were reported. Conclusion: Less data are available on economic burden of esophageal cancer in China over the past 20 years and the data's comparability are poor, especially in terms of population level or indirect burden. Direct medical expenditure is on the rise, and regional differences.
目的： 探讨中国1996-2015年食管癌经济负担研究开展情况。 方法： 采用经济负担、费用等作为关键词，全面检索PubMed、中国知网和万方数据库1996-2015年间发表的文献，对纳入文献行信息摘录和统计分析。采用美国卫生保健质量和研究机构推荐包含11条目的横断面研究质量评价标准，由双人独立对纳入的研究进行评价。以中国医疗保健消费价格指数对费用数据进行统一贴现，采用平均增长速度计算年均增长率。 结果： 最终纳入23篇文献（个体研究21篇和群体研究2篇），其中12篇发表于近5年。21篇个体研究中，有17篇为个体患者病案摘录，纳入文献质量一般，数据多为单一直接医疗费用，分析指标以例均、次均和日均费用等多见。1996-2012年中国食管癌患者例均费用中位数为7 463~ 37 647元（年均增长率为7.68%），1996-2013年次均费用中位数为6 851~ 57 554元（年均增长率为11.89%），1996-2010年日均费用中位数为225~ 1 319元（年均增长率为12.53%）。直接医疗次均费用存在地区差异，以北京、山西和湖北较高。无论个体还是群体研究，对直接非医疗费用和间接费用造成的经济负担报道均较少。 结论： 中国食管癌经济负担评价数据仍有限且结果可比性一般，尤其是人群层面和间接负担的研究较少。直接医疗费用呈上升趋势，且地区差异较大。.
Keywords: Economic burden; Esophageal cancer; Expenditure; Systematic review.