(5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide ameliorates lupus nephritis in MRL/ lpr mice by preventing infiltration of immune cells

Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2017 Apr 1;312(4):F769-F777. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00649.2016. Epub 2017 Jan 18.

Abstract

(5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8), a triptolide derivative with low toxicity, was previously reported to have strong immunosuppressive effects both in vitro and in vivo, but it remains unknown whether LLDT-8 has a therapy effect on systemic lupus erythematosus. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of LLDT-8 on lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice, a model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Compared with the vehicle group, different clinical parameters were improved upon LLDT-8 treatment as follows: prolonged life span of mice, decreased proteinuria, downregulated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, reduced glomerular IgG deposits, and ameliorated histopathology. A decreased expression of the inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-6, and TNF-α was also observed in the kidney of LLDT-8 treated MRL/lpr mice. Moreover, infiltration of T cells in the kidney was mitigated after LLDT-8 treatment, corresponding with decreased expression of related chemokines IP-10, Mig, and RANTES in the kidney. The proportion of macrophage and neutrophil cells and related chemokines expression was also reduced in kidneys of LLDT-8-treated mice. In the human proximal tubule epithelial cell line and mouse mesangial cell line, consistent with our in vivo experimental results, LLDT-8 suppressed the expression of related chemokines and IL-6. In summary, LLDT-8 has a therapeutic benefit for lupus nephritis via suppressing chemokine expression and inhibiting immune cell infiltration in kidneys of MRL/lpr mice.

Keywords: chemokines; inflammation; systemic lupus erythematosus.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology*
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Blood Urea Nitrogen
  • Cell Line
  • Creatinine / blood
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Diterpenes / pharmacology*
  • Down-Regulation
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulin G / immunology
  • Immunoglobulin G / metabolism
  • Inflammation Mediators / metabolism
  • Kidney Glomerulus / drug effects*
  • Kidney Glomerulus / immunology
  • Kidney Glomerulus / metabolism
  • Kidney Glomerulus / physiopathology
  • Lupus Nephritis / immunology
  • Lupus Nephritis / metabolism
  • Lupus Nephritis / physiopathology
  • Lupus Nephritis / prevention & control*
  • Macrophages / drug effects*
  • Macrophages / immunology
  • Macrophages / metabolism
  • Mice, Inbred MRL lpr
  • Neutrophil Infiltration / drug effects*
  • Neutrophils / drug effects*
  • Neutrophils / immunology
  • Neutrophils / metabolism
  • Proteinuria / immunology
  • Proteinuria / prevention & control
  • T-Lymphocytes / drug effects*
  • T-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • 5-hydroxytriptolide
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Biomarkers
  • Cytokines
  • Diterpenes
  • Immunoglobulin G
  • Inflammation Mediators
  • Creatinine