Viral Pneumonia in Patients with Hematologic Malignancy or Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Clin Chest Med. 2017 Mar;38(1):97-111. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2016.11.002. Epub 2016 Dec 16.

Abstract

Viral pneumonias in patients with hematologic malignancies and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation cause significant morbidity and mortality. Advances in diagnostic techniques have enabled rapid identification of respiratory viral pathogens from upper and lower respiratory tract samples. Lymphopenia, myeloablative and T-cell depleting chemotherapy, graft-versus-host disease, and other factors increase the risk of developing life-threatening viral pneumonia. Chest imaging is often nonspecific but may aid in diagnoses. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage is recommended in those at high risk for viral pneumonia who have new infiltrates on chest imaging.

Keywords: Hematologic malignancy; Immunocompromised host pneumonia; Stem cell transplant; Viral pneumonia.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Hematologic Neoplasms / complications*
  • Hematologic Neoplasms / pathology
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / adverse effects*
  • Humans
  • Pneumonia, Viral / etiology*
  • Pneumonia, Viral / pathology
  • Transplantation Conditioning / adverse effects*