Predominant contribution of DGKζ over DGKα in the control of PKC/PDK-1-regulated functions in T cells

Immunol Cell Biol. 2017 Jul;95(6):549-563. doi: 10.1038/icb.2017.7. Epub 2017 Feb 6.

Abstract

Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK)-mediated consumption of the diacylglycerol (DAG) generated in response to antigen recognition is an important mechanism to limit T-cell function. Targeting DGK activity presents new opportunities for therapeutic manipulation of the immune response, but assessment of individual DGK functions is complex. T cells express two DGK isoforms, DGKα and DGKζ, and there are no isoform-specific inhibitors. Here we used short interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing in human T cells and DGKα- and DGKζ-deficient mice to define DGK isoform-specific regulation of key signaling pathways during T-cell activation. Our results identify DGKζ as the predominant brake on basal/tonic conditions as well as on downstream T-cell receptor/co-stimulatory signals. DGKζ silencing triggers basal RasGTP activation and facilitates enhanced membrane stability of protein kinase C alpha as well as increased activity of AGC kinases. Downstream of T-cell receptor/co-stimulation, DGKζ silencing results in enhanced and maintained recruitment of PKC theta to the membrane, as well as phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 activation and scaffolding functions. Our studies identify a previously unrecognized DGKζ contribution as a negative regulator of the crosstalk between phospholipase C-gamma- and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-regulated pathways. This DGKζ input helps to explain previous observations in DGK-deficient mice and suggests that the development of isoform-specific DGK inhibitors is of great interest for the manipulation of distinct aspects of T-cell responses.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • CD28 Antigens / agonists
  • CD28 Antigens / metabolism
  • Cell Line
  • Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / genetics
  • Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / immunology
  • Diacylglycerol Kinase / genetics
  • Diacylglycerol Kinase / metabolism*
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Gene Knockout Techniques
  • Gene Silencing
  • Humans
  • Interleukin-2 / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Protein Kinase C / metabolism*
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism*
  • Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / agonists
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / metabolism
  • Receptors, Interleukin-2 / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction
  • T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • T-Lymphocytes / metabolism*
  • Transcription Factor AP-1 / metabolism
  • Transcription, Genetic
  • ras Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • CD28 Antigens
  • Interleukin-2
  • Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
  • Receptors, Interleukin-2
  • Transcription Factor AP-1
  • Diacylglycerol Kinase
  • diacylglycerol kinase zeta, mouse
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • Protein Kinase C
  • ras Proteins