Photon Statistics of Propagating Thermal Microwaves

Phys Rev Lett. 2017 Mar 10;118(10):103602. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.103602. Epub 2017 Mar 8.

Abstract

In experiments with superconducting quantum circuits, characterizing the photon statistics of propagating microwave fields is a fundamental task. We quantify the n^{2}+n photon number variance of thermal microwave photons emitted from a blackbody radiator for mean photon numbers, 0.05≲n≲1.5. We probe the fields using either correlation measurements or a transmon qubit coupled to a microwave resonator. Our experiments provide a precise quantitative characterization of weak microwave states and information on the noise emitted by a Josephson parametric amplifier.