Liquid phase high shear exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets as counter electrode material for dye-sensitized solar cells

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are prepared from natural graphite by a simple and low-cost liquid phase high shear exfoliation method. The as-prepared GNPs are used as a counter electrode (CE) material for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). To confirm the Exfoliated GNPs, structural and morphological studies are carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) studies. The electrochemical behaviour of GNPs as a counter electrode material is evaluated and compared with standard Platinum (Pt) electrode using cyclic-voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). These studies indicated that electrocatalytic activity towards I^-/I₃^- redox mediator exhibited by the GNPs based electrode is comparable to standard Pt counter electrodes. DSSCs are fabricated using the counter electrodes made of GNPs and the photo-conversion efficiency is found to be 6.23% under standard test conditions, which is comparable to Pt based DSSCs proving them as potential alternative materials for counter electrodes.