The effect of swimming exercise on adenine-induced kidney disease in rats, and the influence of curcumin or lisinopril thereon

PLoS One. 2017 Apr 26;12(4):e0176316. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176316. eCollection 2017.

Abstract

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been reported to benefit from different types of exercises. It has also been shown that the ACE inhibitor lisinopril, and the natural product curcumin are also beneficial in different models of CKD in rats. We assessed the influence of moderate swimming exercise (SE) on rats with adenine-induced CKD, and tested the possible effects of lisinopril and/or curcumin thereon using several physiological, biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical parameters. Rats (either sedentary or subjected to SE) were randomly divided into several groups, and given for five weeks either normal food or food mixed with adenine (0.25% w/w) to induce CKD. Some of these groups were also concomitantly treated orally with curcumin (75 mg/kg), or lisinopril (10 mg/kg) and were subjected to moderate SE (45 min/day three days each week). Rats fed adenine showed the typical biochemical, histopathological signs of CKD such as elevations in blood pressure, urinary albumin / creatinine ratio, and plasma urea, creatinine, indoxyl sulfate and phosphorus. SE, curcumin or lisinopril, given singly, significantly ameliorated all the adenine-induced actions. Administering curcumin or lisinopril with SE improved the histopathology of the kidneys, a salutary effect not seen with SE alone. Combining SE to the nephroprotective agents' curcumin or lisinopril might offer additional nephroprotection.

MeSH terms

  • Adenine / toxicity
  • Animals
  • Antioxidants / metabolism
  • Blood Pressure / drug effects
  • Creatinine / blood
  • Creatinine / urine
  • Curcumin* / pharmacology
  • Curcumin* / therapeutic use
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Female
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Indican / blood
  • Kidney / drug effects*
  • Kidney / metabolism
  • Kidney / pathology
  • Lisinopril* / pharmacology
  • Lisinopril* / therapeutic use
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal
  • Protective Agents* / pharmacology
  • Protective Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / chemically induced
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / drug therapy*
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / pathology
  • Serum Albumin / analysis
  • Swimming*
  • Urea / blood

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Protective Agents
  • Serum Albumin
  • Urea
  • Creatinine
  • Lisinopril
  • Curcumin
  • Adenine
  • Indican

Grants and funding

This study was financially supported by the Research Council of Oman (REC/MED/PHARM/13/01). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.