Anesthetic Evolution in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Expert Perspectives From High-Volume Academic Centers in Europe and the United States

Affiliations

• ¹ Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
• ² Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany.
• ³ Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Electronic address: [email protected].
• ⁴ Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
• ⁵ Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
• ⁶ Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
• ⁷ Cardiothoracic Section, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
• ⁸ Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC.
• ⁹ Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC.
• ¹⁰ Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC.
• ¹¹ Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital School of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA.