[Myths and evidence on the use of botulinum toxin: spasticity in adults and in children with cerebral palsy]

Rev Neurol. 2017 May 16;64(10):459-470.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: Spasticity is a medical problem with a high incidence that significantly impact on the quality of life of patients and their families.

Aim: To analyze and to answer different questions about the use of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) in our clinical practice.

Development: A group of experts in neurology develop a list of topics related with the use of BTA. Two big groups were considered: spasticity in adults and in children with cerebral palsy. A literature search at PubMed for English, French, and Spanish language articles published up to June 2016 was performed. The manuscript was structured as a questionnaire that includes those questions that, according to the panel opinion, could generate more controversy or doubt. The initial draft was reviewed by the expert panel members to allow for modifications, and after subsequent revisions for achieving the highest degree of consensus, the final text was then validated. Different questions about diverse aspects of spasticity in adults, such as methods for evaluating spasticity, infiltration techniques, doses, number of infiltration points, etc. Regarding spasticity in children with cerebral palsy, the document included questions about minimum age of infiltration, methods of analgesia, etc.

Conclusions: This review is a tool for continuous training for neurologist and rehabilitation specialist and residents of both specialties, about different specific areas of the management of BTA.

Title: Mitos y evidencias en el empleo de la toxina botulinica: espasticidad del adulto y del nintilde;o con paralisis cerebral.

Introduccion. La espasticidad es un problema medico frecuente que impacta de forma significativa en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus familias. Objetivo. Analizar y dar respuesta a diferentes cuestiones en el uso de la toxina botulinica tipo A (TBA) en nuestra practica clinica habitual. Desarrollo. Un grupo de expertos en neurologia elaboro una lista de temas relacionados con el uso de la TBA. Se consideraron dos grandes bloques: espasticidad del adulto y del nintilde;o con paralisis cerebral. Se realizo una revision de la bibliografia que incluyo los diferentes articulos publicados en espantilde;ol, ingles y frances hasta junio de 2016. El documento se estructuro como un cuestionario que incluyo las preguntas que, segun el criterio del panel, podrian generar mayor controversia o duda. El borrador inicial del documento fue revisado por los miembros del panel y se realizaron las modificaciones necesarias hasta alcanzar el mayor grado de consenso. A continuacion, el texto final fue validado. Se incluyeron diferentes preguntas sobre diferentes aspectos de la espasticidad en adultos: evaluacion de la espasticidad, tecnicas de infiltracion, dosis, numero de puntos, etc. En cuanto a la espasticidad en los nintilde;os con paralisis cerebral, se analizaron preguntas como: edad minima de infiltracion, metodos de sedoanalgesia, etc. Conclusiones. Esta revision constituye una herramienta para neurologos, medicos rehabilitadores y residentes de ambas especialidades, dentro de diferentes ambitos especificos del manejo de la TBA.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Botulinum Toxins, Type A / administration & dosage
  • Botulinum Toxins, Type A / adverse effects
  • Botulinum Toxins, Type A / therapeutic use*
  • Cerebral Palsy / drug therapy*
  • Cerebral Palsy / rehabilitation
  • Cerebral Palsy / therapy
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Consensus
  • Disease Management
  • Female
  • Goals
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Multiple Sclerosis / complications
  • Multiple Sclerosis / drug therapy
  • Muscle Spasticity / drug therapy
  • Muscle Spasticity / therapy
  • Neuromuscular Agents / administration & dosage
  • Neuromuscular Agents / adverse effects
  • Neuromuscular Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Physical Therapy Modalities
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Symptom Assessment
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Neuromuscular Agents
  • Botulinum Toxins, Type A