This Guideline is based on published data available at the time of writing. The ideal means for comparing performance of various antimicrobial agents is through the conduct of carefully designed, large-scale clinical trials. Recommendations contained in this Guideline are subject to modification as additional data become available. It particularly should be noted that the implementation of universal precautions or body substance isolation has resulted in marked increase in the use of gloves for direct patient contact. Whether there is an additional cost-benefit rationale for handwashing with an antimicrobial agent remains to be studied.