Thiosemicarbazones and 4-thiazolidinones indole-based derivatives: Synthesis, evaluation of antiproliferative activity, cell death mechanisms and topoisomerase inhibition assay

Eur J Med Chem. 2017 Aug 18:136:305-314. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.023. Epub 2017 May 8.

Abstract

In this study, we report the synthesis and structural characterization of a series of thiosemicarbazone and 4-thiazolidinones derivatives, as well as their in vitro antiproliferative activity against eight human tumor cell lines. For the most potent compound further studies were performed evaluating cell death induction, cell cycle profile, ctDNA interaction and topoisomerase IIα inhibition. A synthetic three-step route was established for compounds (2a-e and 3a-d) with yields ranging from 32 to 95%. Regarding antiproliferative activity, compounds 2a-e and 3a-d showed mean GI50 values ranging between 1.1 μM (2b) - 84.65 μM (3d). Compound 2b was the most promising especially against colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and leukemia (K562) cells (GI50 = 0.01 μM for both cell lines). Mechanism studies demonstrated that 24 h-treatment with compound 2b (5 μM) induced phosphatidylserine residues exposition and G2/M arrest on HT-29 cells. Moreover, 2b (50 μM) was able to interact with ctDNA and inhibited topoisomerase IIα activity. These results demonstrate the importance of thiosemicarbazone, especially the derivative 2b, as a promising candidate for anticancer therapy.

Keywords: Anticancer therapy; Cellular death; DNA interaction; Medicinal chemistry; Topoisomerase inhibition.

MeSH terms

  • Antigens, Neoplasm / metabolism
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Cell Death / drug effects
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / metabolism
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
  • Humans
  • Indoles / chemical synthesis
  • Indoles / chemistry
  • Indoles / pharmacology*
  • Molecular Structure
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Thiazolidines / chemical synthesis
  • Thiazolidines / chemistry
  • Thiazolidines / pharmacology*
  • Thiosemicarbazones / chemical synthesis
  • Thiosemicarbazones / chemistry
  • Thiosemicarbazones / pharmacology*
  • Topoisomerase Inhibitors / chemical synthesis
  • Topoisomerase Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Topoisomerase Inhibitors / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Antigens, Neoplasm
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Indoles
  • Thiazolidines
  • Thiosemicarbazones
  • Topoisomerase Inhibitors
  • DNA Topoisomerases, Type II