Objective: To investigate the risk factors, clinical features, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes of encephalopathy in high-risk late preterm infants.
Methods: Head MRI scan was performed for late preterm infants with high-risk factors for brain injury who were hospitalized between January 2009 and December 2014. The risk factors, clinical features, and head MRI features of encephalopathy in late preterm infants were analyzed.
Results: A total of 1 007 late preterm infants underwent MRI scan, among whom 313 (31.1%) had imaging features in accordance with the features of encephalopathy of prematurity. Of all infants, 76.7% had white matter damage. There was no association between the development of encephalopathy and gestational age in late preterm infants, but the detection rate of encephalopathy gradually increased with the increasing birth weight (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that a history of resuscitation was an independent risk factor for encephalopathy of prematurity (P<0.01).
Conclusions: Encephalopathy of prematurity is commonly seen in high-risk late preterm infants, especially white matter damage. A history of resuscitation is an independent risk factor for encephalopathy in late preterm infants.
目的: 了解高危晚期早产儿（LPI）脑病的危险因素、临床特点及磁共振（MRI）影像学变化。
方法: 对2009年1月至2014年12月住院且存在脑损伤高危因素的LPI，进行头颅MRI检查，分析LPI脑病危险因素、临床特点及头颅MRI特征。
结果: 完成MRI检查的LPI共1 007例，影像学符合早产儿脑病患儿313例（31.1%）。LPI脑病中白质损伤占76.7%。LPI脑病的发生与胎龄无相关性，但随着出生体重增加，脑病检出率逐渐增高（P < 0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示：复苏史是早产儿脑病发生的独立危险因素（P < 0.01）。
结论: 早产儿脑病在高危LPI中亦较常见，特别是脑白质损伤。复苏病史是LPI脑病的独立危险因素，需引起重视。