Development of an orally available inhibitor of CLK1 for skipping a mutated dystrophin exon in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Sci Rep. 2017 May 30:7:46126. doi: 10.1038/srep46126.

Abstract

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal progressive muscle-wasting disease. Various attempts are underway to convert severe DMD to a milder phenotype by modulating the splicing of the dystrophin gene and restoring its expression. In our previous study, we reported TG003, an inhibitor of CDC2-like kinase 1 (CLK1), as a splice-modifying compound for exon-skipping therapy; however, its metabolically unstable feature hinders clinical application. Here, we show an orally available inhibitor of CLK1, named TG693, which promoted the skipping of the endogenous mutated exon 31 in DMD patient-derived cells and increased the production of the functional exon 31-skipped dystrophin protein. Oral administration of TG693 to mice inhibited the phosphorylation of serine/arginine-rich proteins, which are the substrates of CLK1, and modulated pre-mRNA splicing in the skeletal muscle. Thus, TG693 is a splicing modulator for the mutated exon 31 of the dystrophin gene in vivo, possibly possessing therapeutic potential for DMD patients.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Oral
  • Animals
  • Dystrophin / genetics*
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / administration & dosage
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacokinetics
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
  • Exons / genetics*
  • Genes, Reporter
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
  • Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / drug therapy*
  • Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / genetics*
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism
  • Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / metabolism
  • RNA Splicing / genetics
  • Thiazoles / administration & dosage
  • Thiazoles / chemistry
  • Thiazoles / pharmacokinetics
  • Thiazoles / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Dystrophin
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • TG 003
  • Thiazoles
  • Clk dual-specificity kinases
  • Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases