Macroscopic Two-Dimensional Polariton Condensates

Phys Rev Lett. 2017 May 26;118(21):215301. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.215301. Epub 2017 May 26.

Abstract

We report a record-size, two-dimensional polariton condensate of a fraction of a millimeter radius free from the presence of an exciton reservoir. This macroscopically occupied state is formed by the ballistically expanding polariton flow that relaxes and condenses over a large area outside of the excitation spot. The density of this trap-free condensate is <1 polariton/μm^{2}, reducing the phase noise induced by the interaction energy. Moreover, the backflow effect, recently predicted for the nonparabolic polariton dispersion, is observed here for the first time in the fast-expanding wave packet.