Abstract
Glioblastomas rapidly become refractory to anti-VEGF therapies. We previously showed that cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A-derived 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) promotes angiogenesis. Here, we tested whether a novel flavonoid (FLA-16) prolongs survival and normalizes tumor vasculature in glioma through CYP4A inhibition. FLA-16 improved survival, reduced tumor burden, and normalized vasculature, accompanied with the decreased secretion of 20-HETE, VEGF and TGF-β in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in C6 and U87 gliomas. FLA-16 attenuated vascular abnormalization induced by co-implantation of GL261 glioma cells with CYP4A10high macrophages or EPCs. Mechanistically, the conditional medium from TAMs and EPCs treated with FLA-16 enhanced the migration of pericyte cells, and decreased the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, which were reversed by CYP4A overexpression or exogenous addition of 20-HETE, VEGF and TGF-β. Furthermore, FLA-16 prevented crosstalk between TAMs and EPCs during angiogenesis. These results suggest that CYP4A inhibition by FLA-16 prolongs survival and normalizes vasculature in glioma through decreasing production of TAMs and EPCs-derived VEGF and TGF-β. This may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome resistance to anti-VEGF treatment by effects on vessels and immune cells.
Keywords:
Anti-angiogenic therapy; CYP 4A; Flavonoid; Glioma; Tumor microenvironment.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors / pharmacology*
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Animals
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Brain Neoplasms / blood supply
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Brain Neoplasms / drug therapy*
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Brain Neoplasms / enzymology
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Brain Neoplasms / pathology
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Cell Movement / drug effects
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Cell Proliferation / drug effects
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Chalcones / pharmacology*
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Culture Media, Conditioned / metabolism
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Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A / metabolism
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Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology*
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
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Endothelial Progenitor Cells / drug effects*
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Endothelial Progenitor Cells / enzymology
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Endothelial Progenitor Cells / pathology
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Flavonoids / pharmacology*
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Glioma / blood supply
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Glioma / drug therapy*
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Glioma / enzymology
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Glioma / pathology
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Humans
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Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / metabolism
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Macrophages / drug effects*
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Macrophages / enzymology
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Macrophages / pathology
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Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Mice, Nude
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Neovascularization, Pathologic*
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Paracrine Communication / drug effects
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Pericytes / drug effects
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Pericytes / metabolism
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Pericytes / pathology
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Rats, Wistar
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Time Factors
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Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism
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Tumor Burden / drug effects
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Tumor Microenvironment
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / metabolism
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Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Substances
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors
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Chalcones
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Culture Media, Conditioned
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Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
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FLA-16 compound
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Flavonoids
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Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids
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Transforming Growth Factor beta
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VEGFA protein, human
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
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20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
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Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A