Abstract
The tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer is a complex balance of pro- and anti-tumor components. The dense desmoplasia consists of immune cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, cytokines, and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) or pancreatic stellate cells (PSC). There are a multitude of targets including hyaluronan, angiogenesis, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), CD40, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR-4), immunotherapy, and Vitamin D. The developing clinical therapeutics will be reviewed.
Keywords:
focal adhesion kinase; hedgehog inhibitors; hyaluronan; immunotherapy; tumor microenvironment; vitamin D.
© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MeSH terms
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Adenocarcinoma / drug therapy
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Adenocarcinoma / pathology
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / pharmacology
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / pathology
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CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / pathology
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Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts / pathology
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Carcinogenesis
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Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
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Clinical Trials as Topic
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Connective Tissue Growth Factor / antagonists & inhibitors
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Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
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Hedgehog Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors
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Humans
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Hyaluronic Acid / metabolism
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Immunotherapy
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Macrophages / pathology
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Myeloid Cells / pathology
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Neutrophils / pathology
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Osteonectin / antagonists & inhibitors
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Pancreatic Neoplasms / drug therapy
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Pancreatic Neoplasms / pathology*
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Pancreatic Stellate Cells / pathology
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Tumor Microenvironment*
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Vitamin D / pharmacology
Substances
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors
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Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers
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Hedgehog Proteins
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Osteonectin
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SPARC protein, human
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Connective Tissue Growth Factor
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Vitamin D
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Hyaluronic Acid
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Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases