Remarkable SERS Activity Observed from Amorphous ZnO Nanocages

Enhancement of the semiconductor-molecule interaction, in particular, promoting the interfacial charge transfer process (ICTP), is key to improving the sensitivity of semiconductor-based surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Herein, by developing amorphous ZnO nanocages (a-ZnO NCs), we successfully obtained an ultrahigh enhancement factor of up to 6.62×10⁵ . This remarkable SERS sensitivity can be attributed to high-efficiency ICTP within a-ZnO NC molecule system, which is caused by metastable electronic states of a-ZnO NCs. First-principles density functional theory (DFT) simulations further confirmed a stronger ICTP in a-ZnO NCs than in their crystalline counterparts. The efficient ICTP can even generate π bonding in Zn-S bonds peculiar to the mercapto molecule adsorbed a-ZnO NCs, which has been verified through the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) characterization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such remarkable SERS activity has been observed within amorphous semiconductor nanomaterials, which could open a new frontier for developing highly sensitive and stable SERS technology.