[The placenta : a new target organ for hypertension ?]

Rev Med Suisse. 2016 Sep 14;12(530):1524-1528.
[Article in French]

Abstract

The placenta has generated many beliefs over centuries and in all ethnicities. Considered in our society as a surgical waste, it is elsewhere contemplated for its mysterious protective powers, viewed as the seat of the soul, disposed of, burnt or even buried. However, once time is taken for its examination, the placenta tells a story. Of interest is the similarity observed between placental vascular disease in hypertensive pregnancy and atherosclerosis in coronary artery disease for example. Hypertension in pregnancy is frequent and associated with increased adverse obstetrical outcomes, and long-term risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease. This article will discuss the role of placental histopathology in hypertensive pregnancies, its indicative value for long-term cardiovascular risk in mothers and for subsequent pregnancy.

De tout temps, le placenta a fait l’objet de croyances. Simple déchet anatomique dans nos sociétés, il est ailleurs le siège de l’âme, brûlé, jeté, enterré. Pourtant, si l’on prend la peine de l’examiner, le placenta nous raconte une histoire. En effet, on observe un mimétisme entre les atteintes artérielles placentaires des grossesses hypertensives et les lésions d’artériosclérose de la coronaropathie par exemple. Les grossesses hypertensives sont fréquentes, associées à court terme à un risque accru de complications obstétricales, et à long terme de maladies cardiovasculaires et rénales. Cet article se propose de discuter l’utilité de l’examen du placenta en cas d’hypertension, de sa valeur indicative sur la survenue d’événements cardiovasculaires à long terme chez la mère, et du risque sur le déroulement d’une grossesse ultérieure.

MeSH terms

  • Cardiovascular Diseases / epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / physiopathology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / epidemiology
  • Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / physiopathology*
  • Placenta / pathology*
  • Placenta Diseases / pathology*
  • Pregnancy
  • Risk Factors