Expanding the Antiviral Spectrum of 3-Fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates: Diamyl Aspartate Amidate Prodrugs

J Med Chem. 2017 Jul 27;60(14):6220-6238. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00416. Epub 2017 Jul 6.

Abstract

Acyclic nucleosides containing a 3-fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl (FPMP) side chain are known to be moderately potent antihuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agents, while being completely devoid of antiviral activity against a wide range of DNA viruses. The derivatization of the phosphonic acid functionality of FPMPs with a diamyl aspartate phenoxyamidate group led to a novel generation of compounds that not only demonstrate drastically improved antiretroviral potency but also are characterized by an expanded spectrum of activity that also covers hepatitis B and herpes viruses. The best compound, the (S)-FPMPA amidate prodrug, exerts anti-HIV-1 activity in TZM-bl and peripheral blood mononuclear cells at low nanomolar concentrations and displays excellent potency against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). This prodrug is stable in acid and human plasma media, but it is efficiently processed in human liver microsomes with a half-life of 2 min. The (R) isomeric guanine derivative emerged as a selectively active anti-HIV and anti-HBV inhibitor, while being nontoxic to human hepatoblastoma cells. Notably, the pyrimidine containing prodrug (S)-Asp-FPMPC is the only congener within this series to demonstrate micromolar antihuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) potency.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adenine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Adenine / chemical synthesis
  • Adenine / chemistry
  • Adenine / pharmacology
  • Anti-HIV Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Anti-HIV Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-HIV Agents / pharmacology
  • Antiviral Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Antiviral Agents / chemistry*
  • Antiviral Agents / pharmacology
  • Aspartic Acid / chemistry*
  • Cell Line
  • Cytomegalovirus / drug effects
  • Drug Resistance, Viral
  • Drug Stability
  • Esters / chemical synthesis
  • Esters / chemistry
  • Esters / pharmacology
  • Hepatitis B virus / drug effects
  • Herpesvirus 3, Human / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Microsomes, Liver / metabolism
  • Nucleosides / chemical synthesis
  • Nucleosides / chemistry*
  • Nucleosides / pharmacology
  • Organophosphonates / chemical synthesis
  • Organophosphonates / chemistry*
  • Organophosphonates / pharmacology
  • Prodrugs / chemical synthesis
  • Prodrugs / chemistry*
  • Prodrugs / pharmacology
  • Stereoisomerism
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Anti-HIV Agents
  • Antiviral Agents
  • Esters
  • Nucleosides
  • Organophosphonates
  • Prodrugs
  • Aspartic Acid
  • Adenine