Adrenal crisis in metastatic breast cancer

BMJ Case Rep. 2017 Jul 6:2017:bcr2017220284. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2017-220284.

Abstract

A female patient with oestrogen receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive invasive lobular breast cancer presented with progressive disease on CT scan. Some days after initiation of antineoplastic chemotherapy and anti-HER2 targeted antibody therapy, the patient presented with profuse diarrhoea, neutropaenia, nausea and weakness. Although Clostridium difficile was rapidly tackled as a causative agent of gastrointestinal complaints, clinical situation did not markedly improve despite proper antimicrobial treatment. The patient reported profound lack of energy, while nausea, vomiting and loose stools still persisted. Additionally slightly exaggerated pigmentation of nonsunexposed skin and mucosal areas led us to the assumption of proopiomelanocortin-derived peptide hypersecretion. The combination of highly elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone and low basal cortisol levels taken from a morning blood sample established the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency due to metastatic burden, leading to a near Addison crisis by gastrointestinal complications of chemo-immune therapy. Administration of hydrocortisone immediately relieved general symptoms .

Keywords: adrenal disorders; breast cancer; chemotheraphy.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adrenal Insufficiency / chemically induced*
  • Adrenal Insufficiency / drug therapy
  • Breast Neoplasms / complications
  • Breast Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Breast Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hydrocortisone / therapeutic use
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / adverse effects*
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Receptor, ErbB-2 / metabolism

Substances

  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • ERBB2 protein, human
  • Receptor, ErbB-2
  • Hydrocortisone