Does infection with human immunodeficiency virus have any impact on the cardiovascular outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention?: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2017 Jul 17;17(1):190. doi: 10.1186/s12872-017-0624-0.

Abstract

Background: A direct link between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been shown in recent scientific research. However, this issue is controversial since other previous reports showed no apparent impact of HIV or its anti-retroviral drugs on the cardiovascular system. We aimed to systematically compare the postinterventional adverse cardiovascular outcomes which were observed in patients with and without HIV infection during a mean follow up period ranging from 1 year to 3 years.

Methods: Common electronic databases were searched for studies which compared postinterventional adverse cardiovascular outcomes [mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac death, target vessel revascularization (TVR), target lesion revascularization (TLR), stroke and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs)] in patients with and without HIV infection. Statistical analysis was carried out by the RevMan 5.3 software whereby Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were generated.

Results: Two thousand two hundred and sixty-eight (2268) patients (821 patients were HIV positive and 1147 patients were HIV negative) were analyzed. The current results showed that mortality was not significantly increased among patients who were HIV positive with OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.65-1.96; P = 0.66. Cardiac death was also similarly reported with OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.50-2.68; P = 0.74. However, even if recurrent MI, TVR, TLR, MACEs and stroke were higher in patients who were HIV positive, with OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.88-2.12; P = 0.18, OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 0.88-2.12; P = 0.17, OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.72-2.06; P = 0.46, OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 0.89-1.85; P = 0.17 and OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 0.44-4.89; P = 0.53 respectively, these results were not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Patients who were infected with HIV had similar mortality post coronary intervention compared to patients who were not infected by the virus, during a mean follow-up period of 1-3 years. In addition, no significant increase in MI, TVR, TLR, MACEs and stroke were observed during this follow up period. Therefore, it might be concluded that no apparent impact of HIV on the cardiovascular outcomes was observed post coronary intervention.

Keywords: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Cardiovascular outcomes; Coronary artery disease; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; Human immunodeficiency virus; Percutaneous coronary intervention.

Publication types

  • Meta-Analysis
  • Review
  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
  • Chi-Square Distribution
  • Female
  • HIV Infections / complications*
  • HIV Infections / diagnosis
  • HIV Infections / drug therapy
  • HIV Infections / mortality
  • Heart Diseases / complications
  • Heart Diseases / diagnosis
  • Heart Diseases / mortality
  • Heart Diseases / therapy*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Odds Ratio
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* / adverse effects
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* / mortality
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome