Immune mechanisms of respiratory viral infections in asthma

Curr Opin Immunol. 2017 Oct:48:31-37. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.07.017. Epub 2017 Aug 14.

Abstract

The more severe pathology respiratory viral infections produce in asthma sufferers is a result of a dysregulated immune response. Excess type 2 inflammation is a well-described feature of virally induced asthma exacerbations, with growing evidence that production of antiviral interferons may also be impaired. However, the mechanisms underlying these are little understood. This review summarizes the current understanding and recent discoveries of the cellular and molecular events that follow viral infections in asthma. In particular, we discuss differences in viral sensing and intracellular signalling pathways upstream of interferon induction in asthma, and the role of epithelial-derived cytokines in orchestrating type 2 immunopathology, including type 2 innate lymhpoid cells (ILC2s).

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Asthma / complications
  • Asthma / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate
  • Inflammation
  • Interferons / metabolism
  • Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • Receptors, Pattern Recognition / metabolism
  • Respiratory Tract Infections / complications
  • Respiratory Tract Infections / immunology*
  • Signal Transduction
  • Th2 Cells / immunology*
  • Virus Diseases / complications
  • Virus Diseases / immunology*

Substances

  • Receptors, Pattern Recognition
  • Interferons