Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) genome structure is highly ordered by a hierarchy of organizing events ranging from enhancer-promoter or gene-gene contacts to chromosomal territorial arrangement. It is becoming clear that the cohesin and condensin complexes are key molecular machines that organize the 3D genome structure. These complexes are highly conserved from simple systems, e.g., yeast cells, to the much more complex human system. Therefore, knowledge from the budding and fission yeast systems illuminates highly conserved molecular mechanisms of how cohesin and condensin establish the functional 3D genome structures. Here I discuss how these complexes are recruited across the yeast genomes, mediate distinct genome-organizing events such as gene contacts and topological domain formation, and participate in important nuclear activities including transcriptional regulation and chromosomal dynamics.
Keywords:
3D genome organization; chromosomal segregation; cohesin; condensin; transcriptional regulation; yeast.
MeSH terms
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Adenosine Triphosphatases / genetics*
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Adenosine Triphosphatases / metabolism
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Cell Cycle Proteins / genetics*
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Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism
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Cell Nucleus / genetics
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Cell Nucleus / metabolism
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Chromatin / chemistry
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Chromatin / ultrastructure
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Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / genetics*
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Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / metabolism
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Chromosomes, Fungal / chemistry
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Chromosomes, Fungal / ultrastructure
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Cohesins
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Conserved Sequence
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DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics*
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DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
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Enhancer Elements, Genetic
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Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal*
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Genome, Fungal*
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Multiprotein Complexes / genetics*
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Multiprotein Complexes / metabolism
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Promoter Regions, Genetic
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae / genetics*
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae / metabolism
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae / ultrastructure
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Schizosaccharomyces / genetics*
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Schizosaccharomyces / metabolism
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Schizosaccharomyces / ultrastructure
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Transcription, Genetic
Substances
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Cell Cycle Proteins
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Chromatin
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Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Multiprotein Complexes
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condensin complexes
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Adenosine Triphosphatases