X-chromosomal STR-based genetic structure of Sichuan Tibetan minority ethnicity group and its relationships to various groups

The X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) with more informative than autosomal STRs in some complicated biological relationships identification due to its specific mode of genetic transmission can be used as a complementary tool in forensic case practices. In this study, we presented the population genetic data of 19 X-STRs, consisting of DXS10174, DXS10075, DXS10079, DXS101, DXS10101, DXS10103, DXS10134, DXS10135, DXS10148, DXS10159, DXS10162, DXS10164, DXS6789, DXS6809, DXS7132, DXS7423, DXS7424, DXS8378, and HPRTB loci, in a sample of 235 individuals of Tibetan nationality from Sichuan province, Southwest China. All 19 X-STR loci were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The results showed that the combined power of discrimination in females and males are 0.999999999999999999997 and 0.9999999999997, respectively. In addition, the mean paternity exclusion chances based on the formula of MEC_Krüger, MEC_Kishida, and MEC_Desmarais as well as MEC_{Desmarais Duo} are 0.99999991, 0.9999999999924, 0.9999999999929, and 0.999999985, respectively. In summary, our findings suggested that the AGCU X19 kit can be considered to serve as a high polymorphic information tool for forensic identification and kinship testing in the Sichuan Tibetan population. Furthermore, population genetic structure investigation between Sichuan Tibetan population and other 19 populations using PCA, MDS, and phylogenetic tree illustrated that significant genetic difference was observed between the Sichuan Tibetan and Malay, as well as the Xinjiang Uyghur population.