Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a poorly differentiated high-grade neuroendocrine tumor, accounts for approximately 14% of all lung cancers. SCLC is characterized by rapid growth, early metastasis without effective treatments after recurrence. It is urgently need to improve the therapy of patients with SCLC. In recent years Tumor immunotherapy has shown promising efficacy, especially in immune checkpoints including inhibitors programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). These immune checkpoint inhibitors of the researches are changing the clinical practice of many kinds of solid tumor. SCLC is a potential ideal type of tumor immunotherapy for tobacco exposure and the highest mutational load. In this report, the authors review the current state of the immunotherapy in SCLC, to discussing the problems, challenge and application development prospect.
小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer, SCLC）是分化较差的高级别肺神经内分泌肿瘤，尽管仅占所有肺癌的14%左右，但生长迅速、较早出现转移，复发后缺少有效的治疗手段，改善SCLC治疗迫在眉睫。近年来，肿瘤免疫治疗展现了良好的前景，尤其程序性死亡受体1（programmed death 1, PD-1）和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4（cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, CTLA-4）抑制剂的研究正在改变多种实体瘤的临床实践。SCLC与吸烟密切相关，具有较高的肿瘤突变负荷，是免疫治疗潜在理想的肿瘤类型。本文将总结免疫治疗在SCLC的临床研究进展，探讨SCLC免疫治疗中存在的问题、面临的挑战以及未来的应用前景。.