Objectives: To describe regional differences in the relative fertility of HIV-positive vs. HIV-negative women and changes as antiretroviral treatment (ART) is scaled up, to improve estimates of predicted need for and coverage of prevention of mother-to-child transmission services at national and subnational levels.
Methods: We analysed 49 nationally representative household surveys in sub-Saharan Africa between 2003 and 2016 to estimate fertility rate ratios of HIV-positive and HIV-negative women by age using exponential regression and test for regional and urban/rural differences. We estimated the association between national ART coverage and the relationship between HIV and fertility.
Results: Significant regional differences exist in HIV and fertility relationships, with less HIV-associated subfertility in Southern Africa. Age patterns of relative fertility are similar. HIV impact on fertility is weaker in urban than rural areas. For women below age 30, regional and urban/rural differences are largely explained by differences in age at sexual debut. Higher levels of national ART coverage were associated with slight attenuation of the relationship between HIV and fertility.
Conclusions: Regional differences in HIV-associated subfertility and urban-rural differences in age patterns of relative fertility should be accounted for when predicting need for and coverage of PMTCT services at national and subnational level. Although HIV impacts on fertility are somewhat reduced at higher levels of national ART coverage, differences in fertility between HIV positive and negative remain, and fertility of women on ART should not be assumed to be the same as HIV-negative women. There were few data in recent years, when ART has reached high levels, and this relationship should continue to be assessed as further evidence becomes available.
Objectifs:
Décrire les différences régionales dans la fécondité relative des femmes
Méthodes:
Nous avons analysé 49 enquêtes nationales représentatives auprès des ménages en Afrique subsaharienne entre 2003 et 2016 pour estimer les rapports de taux de fécondité des femmes
Résultats:
Des différences régionales importantes existent dans les relations entre le
Conclusions:
Les différences régionales dans l’ hypofertilité associée au
Keywords: HIV; VIH; HIV Infections/prevention and control; HIV infections/therapy; antiretroviral therapy; demographic and Health surveys; enquêtes démographiques et de santé; fertility; fertilité; highly active; infections VIH/prévention et lutte; infections VIH/thérapie; thérapie antirétrovirale; très efficace.
© 2017 The Authors. Tropical Medicine & International Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.