Introduction: Factors associated with mortality for patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are known; however, the association between initial pharmacotherapy (IPT) and mortality is unclear in real-world settings.
Methods: Using a retrospective design and claims database, 14,359 Medicare patients with HFrEF from August 2010 to July 2015 were identified. Index date was first HF claim. IPT was mono- or combo-angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), beta-blocker (BB), hydralazine-nitrate (HN), and aldosterone antagonist (AA) within 1 year post-index. A multivariable time-dependent Cox model estimated associations between IPT and 2-year all-cause mortality.
Results: Patients' median age was 76 (70-82) years; 45.1% were female. Within 1 month post-index, 61.4% had IPT, 6.1% started after the first month, and 32.4% had no IPT in the first year. Of IPTs, 47.5% were mono-vasodilators (ACEI, ARB or HN), 23.3% mono-vasodilator + BB, 16.9% mono-BB, and 3.5% triple therapy [(ACEI or ARB) + BB + (HN or AA)]. Two-year mortality rate was 27.9%. Compared to mono-vasodilator therapy, patients initiating triple therapy had 29.3% lower risk of 2-year mortality; those on mono-BB or no IPT had higher mortality risk.
Conclusion: IPT was associated with decreased 2-year mortality risk. Timely consideration of triple IPT therapies may be warranted once HFrEF diagnosis is confirmed.
Funding: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. located in East Hanover, NJ, USA.
Keywords: All-cause mortality; Heart failure and reduced ejection fraction; Initial pharmacotherapy.