Purpose: Residual diuresis progressively decreases with longer dialysis vintage, and higher incidence of renal and urinary tract cancers was often observed in hemodialyzed patients compared to the general population so we hypothesized that patients without preserved residual diuresis have higher risk of renal and urinary tract cancers than patients with preserved residual diuresis.
Methods: Retrospective clinical data and pathology reports were completed for 307 uremic patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Patients were divided into two subgroups regarding residual diuresis: the first group with residual diuresis < 500 mL, 133 of 173 (76.8%) patients from this group were completely anuric, and the second group with 134 patients with residual diuresis > 500 mL.
Results: Site- and type-specific cancers in our population of ESRD patients were all localized in estrogen-positive receptor organs. The increased risk of all types of urinary tract cancers occurred in the whole group, men and women, when compared to general population. There were a significantly higher number of patients with all types of cancers in the group with residual diuresis < 250 mL compared to patients with residual diuresis > 500 mL. Importantly, all urinary tract cancers were present in patients with residual diuresis < 500 mL.
Conclusion: Higher incidence of urinary tract cancers found in ESRD patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis is associated with lost residual diuresis. Residual diuresis in these patients might be considered a risk marker for future urinary tract cancers as well as already established markers.
Keywords: Cancer; Estrogen-sensitive; Incidence; Residual diuresis; Urinary tract.