The Genetics of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Clin Liver Dis. 2018 Feb;22(1):59-71. doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2017.08.002. Epub 2017 Oct 5.

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children. Severe fibrosis and cirrhosis are potential consequences of pediatric NAFLD and can occur within a few years of diagnosis. Observations suggest that genetics may be a strong modifying factor in the presentation, severity, and natural history of the disease. There is increasing interest in determining at-risk populations based on genetics in the hope of finding genotypes that correlate to NAFLD phenotype. Ultimately, the hope is to be able to tailor therapeutics to genetic predispositions and decrease disease morbidity in children with NAFLD.

Keywords: Alanine aminotransferase; Children; Liver; Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; Obesity; PNPLA3; Steatosis; TM6SF2.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Acyltransferases / genetics
  • Adolescent
  • Alanine Transaminase / blood
  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Intra-Abdominal Fat / diagnostic imaging*
  • Lipase / genetics*
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Membrane Proteins / genetics*
  • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / blood
  • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / diagnostic imaging*
  • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / genetics*
  • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / pathology
  • Repressor Proteins

Substances

  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
  • HIF3A protein, human
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Repressor Proteins
  • TM6SF2 protein, human
  • Acyltransferases
  • MBOAT7 protein, human
  • Alanine Transaminase
  • Lipase
  • adiponutrin, human