Rationale: Spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (SID-SMA) is a rare arterial disease that is difficult to differentiate from other diseases because of lack of specific clinical manifestation and for which there is no available optimal management strategy.
Patient concerns: A 58-year-old male patient visited our emergency room with sudden onset of moderate-severe epigastric abdominal pain of uncertain cause.
Diagnoses: Computed tomography scanning showed a characteristic "double lumen sign" of the superior mesenteric artery, and further computed tomography angiography findings revealed a dissected segment of the superior mesenteric artery.
Interventions: Conservative management was administered for 5 days, but the abdominal pain remained. Subsequently, an endovascular stent was placed in the affected superior mesenteric artery. Postoperative antiplatelet therapy was administered for 6 months.
Outcomes: The abdominal pain was relieved. Six months later, a follow-up of computed tomography angiography showed that the stent placed had no interval narrowing.
Lessons: Based on our review and the illustration of this case, endovascular stenting may be a preferred rescue treatment in SID-SMA patients for whom initial conservative treatment fails.