Attention training modulates resting-state neurophysiological abnormalities in posttraumatic stress disorder

Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2018 Jan 30:271:135-141. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.11.008. Epub 2017 Nov 14.

Abstract

Recent research indicates the relative benefits of computerized attention control treatment (ACT) and attention bias modification treatment (ABMT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, neural changes underlying these therapeutic effects remain unknown. This study examines how these two types of attention training modulate neurological dysfunction in veterans with PTSD. A community sample of 46 combat veterans with PTSD participated in a randomized double-blinded clinical trial of ACT versus ABMT and 32 of those veterans also agreed to undergo resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings. Twenty-four veterans completed psychological and MEG assessments at pre- and post-training to evaluate treatment effects. MEG data were imaged using an advanced Bayesian reconstruction method and examined using statistical parametric mapping. In this report, we focus on the neural correlates and the differential treatment effects observed using MEG; the results of the full clinical trial have been described elsewhere. Our results indicated that ACT modulated occipital and ABMT modulated medial temporal activity more strongly than the comparative treatment. PTSD symptoms decreased significantly from pre- to post-test. These initial neurophysiological outcome data suggest that ACT modulates visual pathways, while ABMT modulates threat-processing regions, but that both are associated with normalizing aberrant neural activity in veterans with PTSD.

Keywords: Attention training; Cortical; MEG; Magnetoencephalography; PTSD; Treatment.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Attentional Bias / physiology*
  • Bayes Theorem
  • Combat Disorders / diagnostic imaging*
  • Combat Disorders / psychology*
  • Combat Disorders / therapy
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Humans
  • Magnetoencephalography / methods
  • Male
  • Nervous System Malformations / physiopathology
  • Nervous System Malformations / psychology
  • Nervous System Malformations / therapy
  • Rest / physiology
  • Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / diagnostic imaging*
  • Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / psychology*
  • Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / therapy
  • Veterans / psychology*