Photoaggravated allergic contact dermatitis and transient photosensitivity caused by methylisothiazolinone

Contact Dermatitis. 2018 Apr;78(4):241-245. doi: 10.1111/cod.12926. Epub 2017 Dec 12.

Abstract

Background: Photoaggravated allergic contact dermatitis caused by methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/methylisothiazolinone (MI) and MI has been reported.

Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics and results of (photo)patch tests and photo-tests of 10 patients in Belgium and France suffering from photoaggravated contact dermatitis caused by MI.

Patients and methods: Five men and five women, with a median age of 49.5 years, were investigated between January 2012 and February 2017 because of suspected photoaggravated contact dermatitis. Patch tests, photopatch tests and/or photo-tests were performed.

Results: Seven patients had positive patch test reactions to both MCI/MI and MI, whereas 3 patients had positive patch test reactions only to MI. In most cases, MI was the (strong) primary sensitizer. Photopatch tests with MCI/MI and/or MI gave stronger reactions than patch tests with these derivatives, indicating photoaggravation. Sensitization probably took place from cosmetics and work-related biocides, whereas elicitation of dermatitis was remarkably often related to airborne exposure to MI present in paints or industrial biocides. Four patients suffered from transient photosensitivity.

Conclusion: Photoaggravated allergic contact dermatitis and transient photosensitivity caused by MI is a peculiar clinical presentation of allergic contact dermatitis caused by this preservative, and should be considered in daily clinical practice.

Keywords: airborne allergic contact dermatitis; cosmetics; dilution series; methylchloroisothiazolinone; methylisothiazolinone; occupational; paints; photo-tests; photoaggravation; photosensitivity; sunscreens.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Allergens / pharmacology
  • Belgium
  • Cohort Studies
  • Cosmetics / adverse effects
  • Cosmetics / chemistry
  • Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / diagnosis*
  • Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / epidemiology
  • Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / etiology
  • Female
  • France
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Patch Tests / methods
  • Photosensitivity Disorders / complications*
  • Photosensitivity Disorders / immunology
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Thiazoles / immunology*

Substances

  • Allergens
  • Cosmetics
  • Thiazoles
  • 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
  • 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one