Abstract
Red ginseng oil (RGO) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of RGO on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-stimulated neoplastic transformation of JB6 P+ cells. RGO pretreatment abolished the transformation of JB6 P+ cells challenged by TPA. RGO suppressed the transactivation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factors as well as protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2, cyclin D1, cyclin E, and Bcl-2 in the TPA-treated cells. Additionally, TPA-induced phosphorylations of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase 2, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β were downregulated in the presence of RGO. Furthermore, RGO induced the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, and effectively blocked the overproduction of TPA-induced reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that RGO exerts a potent chemopreventive activity in skin cell model.
Keywords:
AP-1; JB6 P+ cells; NF-κB; neoplastic transformation; red ginseng oil.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Anticarcinogenic Agents / pharmacology
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Anticarcinogenic Agents / therapeutic use
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Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / pharmacology*
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Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / therapeutic use
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Cell Line
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Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / chemically induced
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Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / drug effects*
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Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / metabolism
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Cyclins / metabolism
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Cyclooxygenase 2 / metabolism
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Epidermis / drug effects*
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Epidermis / metabolism
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Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / metabolism
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Glycogen Synthase Kinases / metabolism
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Heme Oxygenase-1 / metabolism
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JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
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MAP Kinase Signaling System / drug effects
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Mice
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NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / metabolism
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NF-kappa B / metabolism
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Panax / chemistry*
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Plant Oils / pharmacology*
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Plant Oils / therapeutic use
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / metabolism
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Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
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Skin / drug effects*
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Skin / metabolism
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Skin / pathology
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Skin Neoplasms / metabolism*
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Skin Neoplasms / prevention & control
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Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
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Transcription Factor AP-1 / metabolism
Substances
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Anticarcinogenic Agents
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Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
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Cyclins
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NF-E2-Related Factor 2
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NF-kappa B
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Plant Oils
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
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Reactive Oxygen Species
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Transcription Factor AP-1
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Bcl2 protein, mouse
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Heme Oxygenase-1
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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Glycogen Synthase Kinases
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Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
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JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate