Advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment is primarily based on platinum-based chemotherapy. Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting has shifted the treatment paradigm toward personalized tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), resistance develops inevitably and EGFR T790M is the most common acquired resistance mechanism. Rebiopsy of resistant NSCLC cases can provide additional information on the underlying resistant mechanisms and therefore can help clinicians in taking better management decisions. An expert panel meeting of renowned cancer oncologists was held to discuss the management of advanced-stage NSCLC. The present paper is based on the recommendations made by the expert panel and is supported by an exhaustive literature search. It was suggested that identification of driver mutation leads to better treatment decisions. TKIs have proven to be better treatment option in EGFR-positive patients as compared to chemotherapy. Third-generation TKIs (osimertinib) promise to bring optimal and improved care for NSCLC cases failing first-line TKI treatment.
Keywords: Nonsmall cell lung cancer; T790M; drug resistance; epidermal growth factor receptor; nonsmall cell lung cancer; osimertinib; rebiopsy; tyrosine kinase inhibitor.