Purpose: To assess how trends in urinary diversion (UD) type following radical cystectomy (RC) have changed in recent years and investigate pre-operative predictors of UD type.
Methods: Data were abstracted from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) from 2011 to 2015. We quantified the percentages of continent diversions (CD) versus incontinent diversions (ID) completed over this time frame. Using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses, we compared UD type across year of operation as well as predictors of type of diversion.
Results: We identified 4790 patients in the cohort, of which 81% underwent an incontinent diversion. Patients undergoing incontinent diversions were older (p < 0.001), more likely to be female (p < 0.001), had higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification (p < 0.001) and had more comorbidities with worse preoperative lab values. On multivariable analysis, the odds of incontinent diversion increased per year (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06-1.26; p = 0.001). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was associated with lower odds of receiving an ID (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.17-0.64; p = 0.001). Being male, healthy and young were associated with higher odds of CD.
Conclusion: We demonstrate that there has been a decrease in continent diversion use in recent years. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, proxies of life expectancy and gender are significant predictors of continent diversion. Further investigation to determine the underlying cause of decreased utilization of CD is warranted.
Keywords: Radical cystectomy; Trend; Urinary diversion; Urothelial carcinoma.