A Nomogram to Characterize the Severity of Detrusor Overactivity during the Ice Water Test: Description of the Method and Proof of Concept

Urol Int. 2018;100(3):294-300. doi: 10.1159/000485901. Epub 2018 Jan 16.

Abstract

Aims: To develop a nomogram with severity categories for detrusor overactivity (DO).

Methods: By conducting ice water tests (IWT) in 55 patients with Parkinson's disease, we identified criteria to describe characteristics of the detrusor pressure curves: (1) a gradient of Δpdet over Δt at the maximum detrusor pressure and (2) the area under the curve. In a nomogram, 10 severity categories of DO were established: 1 and 2 were assigned to group A (mild), 3 and 4 to group B (moderate) and 5-10 to group C (severe).

Results: In the nomogram, negative IWT (20) appeared in category 1. Positive IWT (35) spread over the categories 1-8, 17 in group A, 11 in group B and 7 in categories 5-10. A relationship of incontinence episodes and nomogram category was observed. The nomogram category was reproducible in repeated IWT. Therapeutic interventions to treat DO lowered the nomogram category.

Conclusion: From the relationship of detrusor pressure and time in the IWT, a nomogram with 10 severity categories of DO was developed. First observations show a relationship of nomogram category and the number of incontinence episodes, reproducibility in repeated tests and the representation of effects of therapeutic interventions to treat DO.

Keywords: Nomogram; Bladder cooling reflex; Detrusor overactivity; Ice water test; Parkinson disease.

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Intravesical
  • Aged
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nomograms*
  • Parkinson Disease / physiopathology
  • Proof of Concept Study
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Urinary Bladder / pathology*
  • Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / diagnosis*
  • Urinary Bladder, Overactive / diagnosis*
  • Urinary Incontinence
  • Urodynamics*
  • Urology / methods*