Elucidating the mechanism of the considerable mechanical stiffening of DNA induced by the couple Zn2+/Calix[4]arene-1,3-O-diphosphorous acid

Sci Rep. 2018 Jan 19;8(1):1226. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19712-4.

Abstract

The couple Calix[4]arene-1,3-O-diphosphorous acid (C4diP) and zinc ions (Zn2+) acts as a synergistic DNA binder. Silicon NanoTweezer (SNT) measurements show an increase in the mechanical stiffness of DNA bundles by a factor of >150, at Zn2+ to C4diP ratios above 8, as compared to Zinc alone whereas C4diP alone decreases the stiffness of DNA. Electroanalytical measurements using 3D printed devices demonstrate a progression of events in the assembly of C4diP on DNA promoted by zinc ions. A mechanism at the molecular level can be deduced in which C4diP initially coordinates to DNA by phosphate-phosphate hydrogen bonds or in the presence of Zn2+ by Zn2+ bridging coordination of the phosphate groups. Then, at high ratios of Zn2+ to C4diP, interdigitated dimerization of C4diP is followed by cross coordination of DNA strands through Zn2+/C4diP inter-strand interaction. The sum of these interactions leads to strong stiffening of the DNA bundles and increased inter-strand binding.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Calixarenes / chemistry*
  • DNA / chemistry*
  • Hydrogen Bonding
  • Phosphorous Acids / chemistry
  • Polymerization
  • Zinc Compounds / chemistry*

Substances

  • Phosphorous Acids
  • Zinc Compounds
  • Calixarenes
  • DNA