Moving in the Anthropocene: Global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements

Affiliations

• ¹ Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany. [email protected] [email protected].
• ² Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
• ³ Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
• ⁴ Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
• ⁵ SESYNC, University of Maryland, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
• ⁷ Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Torgard, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway.
• ⁸ Departments of Biology and Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
• ⁹ Hirola Conservation Programme, Garissa, Kenya.
• ¹⁰ Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 90183, Sweden.
• ¹¹ Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, 6500GL Nijmegen, Netherlands.
• ¹² Ecology and Conservation Graduate Program, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
• ¹³ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
• ¹⁴ Structure and Motion Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK.
• ¹⁵ Wildlife Conservation Society, Mongolia Program, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
• ¹⁶ Carnivore Ecology Laboratory, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
• ¹⁷ Animal Biology Postgraduate Program, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
• ¹⁸ Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 1990 U.S. 41 South, Marquette, MI 49855, USA.
• ¹⁹ Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
• ²⁰ Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
• ²¹ Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany.
• ²² Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA.
• ²³ University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
• ²⁴ Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.
• ²⁵ Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, Gauteng, South Africa.
• ²⁶ Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy.
• ²⁷ Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
• ²⁸ Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, USA.
• ²⁹ Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal.
• ³⁰ ICAAM-Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal.
• ³¹ Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175, CNRS-Université de Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier-EPHE, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
• ³² Phillip Island Nature Parks, Victoria, Australia.
• ³³ School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
• ³⁴ Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
• ³⁵ Department of Biology, Fiji National University, P.O. Box 5529, Natabua, Lautoka, Fiji Islands.
• ³⁶ U.S. Geological Survey, Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
• ³⁷ U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
• ³⁸ Save the Elephants, P.O. Box 54667, Nairobi 00200, Kenya.
• ³⁹ Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
• ⁴⁰ Giraffe Conservation Foundation, P.O. Box 86099, Eros, Namibia.
• ⁴¹ German Primate Center, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
• ⁴² Restoration Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany.
• ⁴³ Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA.
• ⁴⁴ Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, Unit 2: Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
• ⁴⁵ Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
• ⁴⁶ Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
• ⁴⁷ School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
• ⁴⁸ Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
• ⁴⁹ Bavarian Forest National Park, Department of Conservation and Research, 94481 Grafenau, Germany.
• ⁵⁰ Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
• ⁵¹ CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet Tolosan, France.
• ⁵² Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
• ⁵³ Bionet Natuuronderzoek, 6171EL Stein, Netherlands.
• ⁵⁴ Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1160 Vienna, Austria.
• ⁵⁵ School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
• ⁵⁶ U.S. Geological Survey, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
• ⁵⁷ North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA.
• ⁵⁸ Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
• ⁵⁹ Department of Natural Resource Management, Karatina University, P.O. Box 1957-10101, Karatina, Kenya.
• ⁶⁰ Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada.
• ⁶¹ Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.
• ⁶² Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Terrestrial Vertebrates Group, University of Valencia, E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
• ⁶³ Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
• ⁶⁴ International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission (SSC) Tapir Specialist Group (TSG), Rua Licuala, 622, Damha 1, Campo Grande, CEP: 79046-150, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
• ⁶⁵ IPÊ (Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas; Institute for Ecological Research), Caixa Postal 47, Nazaré Paulista, CEP: 12960-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
• ⁶⁶ Vertebrates Zoology Research Group, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
• ⁶⁷ Embrapa Pantanal, Corumbá, MS 79320-900, Brazil.
• ⁶⁸ National Research Center for Carnivores Conservation, Chico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of Biodiversity, Atibaia-SP 12952-011, Brazil.
• ⁶⁹ Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
• ⁷⁰ Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
• ⁷¹ Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
• ⁷² Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.
• ⁷³ Movement Ecology Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
• ⁷⁴ Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
• ⁷⁵ Department of Mathematical Sciences and Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
• ⁷⁶ Department of Ecology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil.
• ⁷⁷ Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA.
• ⁷⁸ Consorzio Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio, Bormio (Sondrio), Italy.
• ⁷⁹ Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, UR LESSEM, BP 76, 38402 St-Martin-d'Hères, France.
• ⁸⁰ University of Bayreuth, BayCEER, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
• ⁸¹ Nationalpark Schwarzwald, 77889 Seebach, Germany.
• ⁸² Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
• ⁸³ Pennsylvania Game Commission, Harrisburg, PA 17110, USA.
• ⁸⁴ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
• ⁸⁵ Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78467 Konstanz, Germany.
• ⁸⁶ Directorate of Studies and Expertise (DRE), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Montfort, 01330 Birieux, France.
• ⁸⁷ Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel.
• ⁸⁸ Western Ecosystems Technology Inc., Laramie, WY 82070, USA.
• ⁸⁹ Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
• ⁹⁰ Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
• ⁹¹ REN Biodiversity Chair, CIBIO/InBIO Associate Laboratory, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
• ⁹² Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves"/InBIO Associate Laboratory, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal.
• ⁹³ Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
• ⁹⁴ Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
• ⁹⁵ Jackson Hole Conservation Alliance, Jackson, WY 83001, USA.
• ⁹⁶ Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover-Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
• ⁹⁷ Center for Integrated Spatial Research, Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
• ⁹⁸ Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
• ⁹⁹ Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
• ¹⁰⁰ Tatra National Park, 34-500 Zakopane, Poland.