Utility of 3-Dimensional-Printed Models in Enhancing the Learning Curve of Surgery of Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma

Objective: To investigate the value of 3-dimensional (3D)-printed models with pathologic entities in enhancing the learning curve of surgery of tuberculum sellae meningioma.

Methods: We printed 4 models of tuberculum sellae meningiomas based on radiologic data using a 3D printer. Participants were allocated to the 3D group and the atlas group. In the 3D group, participants learned surgery with the assistance of 3D models. In the atlas group, participants used only 2-dimensional materials to assist their learning. All participants undertook a pre-test and post-test. The scores were used to identify the difference in learning efficiency between the 2 groups.

Results: A total of 42 new trainees were recruited, of whom 22 were in the 3D group and 20 in the atlas group. The baseline data were not significantly different. The difference of pre-test score was not significant, either. However, the post-test score was significantly greater in the 3D group (P = 0.005), and the change in score was also significantly greater in the 3D group (P < 0.001). In accordance with the objective test, the subjective survey through a questionnaire from participants in the 3D group showed that 3D models significantly promoted the learning curve of this kind of complex skull base surgery.

Conclusions: 3D-printed models can assist in improving the learning curve of surgery of tuberculum sellae meningiomas. It particularly aids in memorization and spatial construction, improves understanding of surgical view, and arouses interest on the part of the trainee. We recommend using it in the education of complex skull base surgery.