Group B streptococcus (GBS) is one of the severe pathogenic bacteria during the perinatal period, both on pregnant women and newborns. GBS infection may lead to pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis or other severe disease, even death in neonates. Although only 1%-2% infections will develop into GBS disease among the neonates, the etiological mechanism of which is worth researching. This review summarizes the possible factors related to GBS infection or occurrence of the disease, including the risk in gestation period (for example, colonization of GBS on vagina of pregnant women, preterm birth or premature rupture of fetal membranes and so on), related pathogens (bacteria strains, loads or virulence), immune level (inflammatory factor or neutralizing anticytokine auto-Abs), gene defect or primary immunodeficiencies of the hosts.
B族链球菌（GBS）是围产期严重感染性疾病的主要致病菌之一。新生儿感染GBS可能导致肺炎、败血症、脑膜炎等严重疾病，甚至引起死亡。有约1%~2% GBS感染的新生儿会发展成为GBS相关疾病，其发病的影响因素值得探索。鉴于国内尚缺乏针对GBS感染及发病机制的深入研究，本文全面阐述可能与新生儿GBS相关疾病发生有关的因素，包括妊娠相关因素（孕妇生殖道GBS定植、早产、胎膜早破等）、病原体因素（细菌菌株、载量、毒力等）、宿主免疫水平（炎症因子以及抗细胞因子"自身抗体"等）以及宿主基因缺陷引起的新生儿免疫缺陷等。.
Keywords: Group B streptococcus; Infection; Neonatal; Risk factor.