Inborn Errors of Metabolism with Movement Disorders: Defects in Metal Transport and Neurotransmitter Metabolism

Pediatr Clin North Am. 2018 Apr;65(2):301-315. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2017.11.010.

Abstract

Movement disorders in the pediatric age group are largely of the hyperkinetic type. Metal ion accumulation in the central nervous system presents predominantly with movement disorders and over time leads to psychomotor decline. Abnormalities in monoamine and amino acidergic neurotransmitter metabolism present in individuals with a combination of abnormal movements, epilepsy, and cognitive and motor delay. Detailed clinical history, careful examination, appropriate diagnostic work-up with metabolic screening, cerebrospinal fluid neurotransmitters, and targeted genetic testing help with accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. This article provides an overview on movement disorders present in childhood secondary to inborn errors of metal transport and neurotransmitter metabolism.

Keywords: Metal transport; Neurotransmitter metabolism; Pediatric movement disorders.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Metabolism, Inborn Errors / complications
  • Metabolism, Inborn Errors / diagnosis*
  • Metals / metabolism*
  • Movement Disorders / diagnosis
  • Movement Disorders / etiology*
  • Neonatal Screening / methods
  • Neurotransmitter Agents / metabolism*

Substances

  • Metals
  • Neurotransmitter Agents