Inhaled Methane Protects Rats Against Neurological Dysfunction Induced by Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury: PI3K/Akt/HO-1 Pathway Involved

Arch Med Res. 2017 Aug;48(6):520-525. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.01.001.

Abstract

Background and aims: Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) could produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn induce neurological dysfunction and inflammation in cerebral tissues. This study was designed to study the effect of methane on cerebral I/R injury.

Methods: Fifty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to induce an animal model of cerebral I/R injury. Methane was mixed with air to achieve a final concentration of 2.2%. Rats started to inhale methane-air mixture after ischemia and continued it during the reperfusion. The neurological deficits, malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the brain tissue were examined. The protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression was measured by Western Blot. The neurological deficits were re-measured after rats were treated with the HO-1 inhibitor Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP-IX), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 and Akt inhibitor triciribine.

Results: Cerebral I/R induced neurological deficit, which was significantly decreased by methane. MDA and TNF-α levels were significantly enhanced by cerebral I/R, while methane caused significant reduction of MDA and TNF-α levels. Methane significantly increased Akt phosphorylation and HO-1 expression. The HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP-IX, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and Akt inhibitor triciribine all significantly abolished the effect of methane on neurological deficit.

Conclusions: This finding suggests the possible application of methane for cerebral I/R injury and PI3K/Akt/HO-1 dependent antioxidant pathway may be involved.

Keywords: Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury; Heme oxygenase-1; Methane; PI3K/Akt pathway.

MeSH terms

  • Analysis of Variance
  • Animals
  • Antioxidants / metabolism
  • Biomarkers / metabolism
  • Brain Diseases / drug therapy*
  • Brain Diseases / metabolism
  • Brain Ischemia / complications
  • Brain Ischemia / metabolism
  • Chromones / pharmacology
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Heme Oxygenase-1 / metabolism
  • Male
  • Malondialdehyde / metabolism
  • Methane / pharmacology*
  • Morpholines / pharmacology
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / physiology*
  • Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / physiology*
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Reperfusion Injury / drug therapy*
  • Reperfusion Injury / metabolism
  • Ribonucleosides / pharmacology
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Biomarkers
  • Chromones
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Morpholines
  • Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
  • Ribonucleosides
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • triciribine
  • 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
  • Malondialdehyde
  • Heme Oxygenase-1
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • Methane