The African swine fever epizootic in central and eastern European Union member states has a newly identified component involving virus transmission by wild boar and virus survival in the environment. Insights led to an update of the 3 accepted African swine fever transmission models to include a fourth cycle: wild boar-habitat.
Keywords: ASF; African swine fever; Baltic States; Caucasus; Eurasia; European Union; Iberian Peninsula; Moldova; Ornithodoros; Romania; Ukraine; anthropogenic; carcass; domestic; domestic pig; epidemiologic; epizootic; habitat; parasite; soft tick; sub-Saharan Africa; sylvatic; the Russian Federation; tick; tick–pig; transmission cycle; vector-born infections; viruses; warthog; wild boar.