Corneal stromal demarcation line after 4 protocols of corneal crosslinking in keratoconus determined with anterior segment optical coherence tomography

J Cataract Refract Surg. 2018 May;44(5):596-602. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2018.02.017.

Abstract

Purpose: To use anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to compare corneal stromal demarcation line depth after 4 treatment protocols of corneal crosslinking (CXL).

Setting: Eye Clinic, Sapienza University of Rome, Terracina (Latina), Italy.

Design: Prospective case series.

Methods: Patients with progressive keratoconus were delegated to one of the following CXL treatments: (1) conventional epithelium (epi)-off 3 mW/cm2 according to the standard Dresden protocol (C-CXL group), (2) accelerated epi-off 10 mW/cm2 (A-CXL group), (3) transepithelial epi-on 3 mW/cm2 (TE-CXL group), or (4) transepithelial epi-on by iontophoresis 10 mW/cm2 (I-CXL group). Two independent observers measured the corneal stromal demarcation line using AS-OCT.

Results: The study comprised 70 patients (120 eyes, 30 eyes in each group). The corneal stromal demarcation line was identified on AS-OCT scans in 109 eyes (90.8%). One month after the treatment, the mean stromal demarcation line depth was 275.05 μm ± 41.83 (SD) in the C-CXL group, 279.35 ± 33.07 μm in the A-CXL group, 132.60 ± 22.14 μm in the TE-CXL group, and 235.40 ± 37.08 μm in the I-CXL group. The difference in stromal demarcation line depth was not statistically significant between the C-CXL and A-CXL group, but it was statistically significant (P < .05) between the epi-off and epi-on CXL groups and between the 2 epi-on groups, where the demarcation line was significantly deeper in the I-CXL group than in the TE-CXL group.

Conclusion: The corneal stromal demarcation line was significantly deeper after epi-off 30-minute standard CXL treatment and after epi-off 9-minute accelerated CXL with high-intensity ultraviolet-A irradiation.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Corneal Stroma / pathology*
  • Corneal Topography
  • Cross-Linking Reagents / therapeutic use*
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Iontophoresis / methods
  • Keratoconus / diagnosis
  • Keratoconus / drug therapy*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Photochemotherapy / methods*
  • Photosensitizing Agents / therapeutic use
  • Prospective Studies
  • Riboflavin / therapeutic use*
  • Tomography, Optical Coherence / methods*
  • Ultraviolet Rays
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Cross-Linking Reagents
  • Photosensitizing Agents
  • Riboflavin