Scale-Up Synthesis and Identification of GLYX-13, a NMDAR Glycine-Site Partial Agonist for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

Molecules. 2018 Apr 24;23(5):996. doi: 10.3390/molecules23050996.

Abstract

GLYX-13, a NMDAR glycine-site partial agonist, was discovered as a promising antidepressant with rapidly acting effects but no ketamine-like side effects. However, the reported synthetic process route had deficiencies of low yield and the use of unfriendly reagents. Here, we report a scaled-up synthesis of GLYX-13 with an overall yield of 30% on the hectogram scale with a column chromatography-free strategy, where the coupling and deprotection reaction conditions were systematically optimized. Meanwhile, the absolute configuration of precursor compound of GLYX-13 was identified by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Finally, the activity of GLYX-13 was verified in the cortical neurons of mice through whole-cell voltage-clamp technique.

Keywords: GLYX-13; NMDA receptor; chromatography-free synthesis; crystal structure; whole-cell voltage-clamp.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antidepressive Agents / chemical synthesis*
  • Antidepressive Agents / chemistry
  • Antidepressive Agents / pharmacology*
  • Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic*
  • Depressive Disorder, Major / drug therapy
  • Mice
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Structure
  • Neurons / drug effects
  • Neurons / metabolism
  • Oligopeptides / chemical synthesis*
  • Oligopeptides / chemistry
  • Oligopeptides / pharmacology*
  • Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / agonists
  • Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / chemistry*
  • Spectrum Analysis
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Antidepressive Agents
  • Oligopeptides
  • Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
  • GLYX-13 peptide